Intro
Nrog ob peb nias ntawm lub desktop lossis ntaus ntawv, ib tus tuaj yeem yuav, muag lossis tshaj tawm txhua yam, txhua lub sijhawm. Raws nraim li cas nws tshwm sim? Ua li cas ntaub ntawv tuaj ntawm no mus rau qhov twg? Tus hero tsis lees paub yog API.
API yog dab tsi?
API stands rau ib APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE. API qhia txog software tivthaiv, nws cov haujlwm, cov khoom siv, cov khoom tawm, thiab cov hom hauv qab. Tab sis koj piav qhia API ua lus Askiv li cas? API ua haujlwm raws li tus tub txib uas hloov koj qhov kev thov los ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab xa cov lus teb rov qab rau koj.
Piv txwv 1: Thaum koj tab tom nrhiav flights online. Koj cuam tshuam nrog lub dav hlau lub vev xaib. Lub vev xaib piav qhia qhov chaw zaum thiab tus nqi ntawm lub davhlau ntawm hnub thiab sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Koj xaiv koj pluas mov los yog zaum, hnab nqa taug kev, lossis kev thov tsiaj.
Tab sis, yog tias koj tsis siv lub dav hlau lub vev xaib ncaj qha lossis thiab tab tom siv tus neeg sawv cev mus ncig online uas sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau lub dav hlau. Kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv, ib daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam nrog lub dav hlau API. API yog qhov sib txuas uas siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas kev mus ncig lub vev xaib mus rau lub dav hlau txoj haujlwm.
Nws tseem yuav siv lub dav hlau teb thiab xa rov qab. Qhov no pab txhawb kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev pabcuam kev mus ncig, thiab lub dav hlau 'systems - los book lub davhlau. API's entails ib lub tsev qiv ntawv rau niaj hnub, cov qauv ntaub ntawv, cov chav kawm khoom, thiab qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, SOAP thiab REST cov kev pabcuam.
Piv txwv 2: Qhov Kev Yuav Zoo Tshaj Plaws ua rau Deal ntawm Hnub Tus nqi tshwj xeeb muaj nyob hauv nws lub vev xaib. Tib cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv thov mobile. Lub app txhawj xeeb tsis yog hais txog tus nqi sab hauv - nws tuaj yeem hu rau Deal of the Day API thiab nug, tus nqi tshwj xeeb yog dab tsi? Best Buy teb nrog cov ntaub ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov qauv qauv uas lub app qhia rau cov neeg siv kawg.
Piv txwv 3: APIs rau kev tshaj xov xwm yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus thiab khaws cov lej ntawm cov nyiaj thiab cov passwords lawv khaws cia qis, yog li lawv tuaj yeem khaws tej yam yooj yim.
- Twitter API: Sib cuam tshuam nrog feem ntau Twitter ua haujlwm
- Facebook API: Rau kev them nyiaj, neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nkag mus
- Instagram API: Tag cov neeg siv, saib cov duab trending
Puas yog REST & SOAP API's?
XAB NPUM thiab SO siv API-kev pabcuam, hu ua Web API. Lub vev xaib kev pabcuam tsis yog nyob ntawm ib qho kev paub dhau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. SOAP yog lub vev xaib pabcuam raws tu qauv uas yog lub teeb yuag platform-ywj siab. SOAP yog XML-based messaging raws tu qauv. Tsis zoo li SOAP lub vev xaib kev pabcuam, Cov Kev Pab Cuam Tshuam siv REST architecture, tsim rau kev sib txuas lus taw tes rau-taw tes.
SOAP Web service
- SOAP Sender - tsim thiab xa cov lus.
- SOAP Receiver – tau txais thiab ua cov lus.
- SOAP Intermediary- tau txais thiab ua cov blocks header.
RESTful Web Service
Kev Sawv Cev Hauv Xeev (REST) cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov thiab yuav ua li cas lub xeev cov txheej txheem. So architecture, REST Server muab kev nkag mus rau tus neeg siv khoom. So tswj kev nyeem ntawv thiab hloov kho lossis sau cov peev txheej. Uniform Identifier (URI) txheeb xyuas cov peev txheej kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yuav ntes lub xeev cov peev txheej.
REST yog sib dua li SOAP architecture. Nws parses JSON, ib hom lus uas tib neeg nyeem tau uas ua rau cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim dua, tsis yog XML siv los ntawm SOAP architecture.
Muaj ntau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev tsim Restful Web Service, uas yog:
- Chaw nyob - Txhua qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg ib URL.
- Statelessness - Ib qho kev pabcuam so yog ib qho kev pabcuam uas tsis muaj tebchaws. Ib qho kev thov yog ywj siab ntawm ib qho kev thov yav dhau los los ntawm kev pabcuam. HTTP yog los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsis muaj neeg nyob.
- Cacheable - Cov ntaub ntawv cim tias cacheable khw hauv qhov system thiab rov siv dua yav tom ntej. Raws li cov lus teb rau tib qhov kev thov es tsis txhob tsim cov txiaj ntsig tib yam. Cache txwv tsis pub ua cov ntaub ntawv teb ua cim cacheable lossis tsis yog cacheable.
- Uniform interface - Tso cai rau ib qho kev sib koom ua ke thiab tsim qauv siv rau kev nkag. Kev siv cov kev sau tseg ntawm HTTP txoj kev. Ua raws li cov ntsiab lus no ua kom ntseeg tau tias, kev siv REST yog qhov hnyav.
Qhov zoo ntawm REST
- Siv hom ntawv yooj yim rau cov lus
- Muab kev ua tau zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev
- Nws txhawb kev sib txuas lus tsis muaj neeg nyob
- Siv cov qauv HTTP thiab cov qauv sau ntawv
- Cov ntaub ntawv yog muaj raws li qhov chaw
Disadvantages ntawm REST
- Ua tsis tiav hauv cov qauv ntawm Kev Pabcuam hauv Web xws li Kev Ruaj Ntseg Kev Lag Luam thiab lwm yam.
- Kev thov REST tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas tau
REST vs SOAP Sib piv
Qhov sib txawv ntawm SOAP thiab REST web cov kev pabcuam.
SOAP Web Service | Rest Web Service |
Yuav tsum tau hnyav input payload piv rau REST. | REST yog qhov hnyav vim nws siv URI rau cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. |
Kev hloov pauv hauv SOAP cov kev pabcuam feem ntau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov lej ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. | Client-side code tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov kev pabcuam hauv REST web muab. |
Rov qab hom yog ib txwm XML hom. | Muab versatility nrog rau daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rov qab. |
XML-based message protocol | Ib tug architectural raws tu qauv |
Yuav tsum muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv SOAP ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. | Tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa tsev qiv ntawv xav tau feem ntau siv dhau HTTP. |
Txhawb WS-Security thiab SSL. | Txhawb SSL thiab HTTPS. |
SOAP txhais nws tus kheej kev ruaj ntseg. | RESTful lub vev xaib tau txais kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev thauj mus los. |
Hom API Tso Cai Tso Cai
Cov cai tso tawm rau API yog:
Cov cai tso tawm ntiag tug:
API tsuas yog muaj rau kev siv hauv tuam txhab.
Partner tso cai txoj cai:
API tsuas yog muaj rau cov koom tes ua lag luam tshwj xeeb. Cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm API vim yog kev tswj hwm tus neeg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau nws.
Cov cai tshaj tawm rau pej xeem:
API yog siv rau pej xeem. Muaj cov cai tso tawm yog muaj rau pej xeem. Piv txwv li: Microsoft Windows API thiab Apple's Cocoa.
xaus
APIs muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw, txawm tias koj tab tom booking lub davhlau lossis koom nrog cov ntawv thov kev sib raug zoo. SOAP API yog raws li kev sib txuas lus XML, nws txawv ntawm REST API nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis tas yuav muaj kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb.
Tsim cov kev pabcuam So Web yuav tsum ua raws li qee lub tswv yim, suav nrog qhov chaw nyob, tsis muaj xeev, cacheability, thiab tus qauv interface. API cov cai tso tawm yuav muab faib ua peb pawg: APIs ntiag tug, tus khub APIs, thiab pej xeem APIs.
Ua tsaug rau koj nyeem tsab xov xwm no. Mus saib peb tsab xov xwm ntawm Phau Ntawv Qhia rau API Kev Ruaj Ntseg 2022.
